chrono.h

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// Formatting library for C++ - chrono support
//
// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
// All rights reserved.
//
// For the license information refer to format.h.
 
#ifndef FMT_CHRONO_H_
#define FMT_CHRONO_H_
 
#include <algorithm>
#include <chrono>
#include <cmath>   // std::isfinite
#include <cstring> // std::memcpy
#include <ctime>
#include <iterator>
#include <locale>
#include <ostream>
#include <type_traits>
 
#include "format.h"
 
FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
// Enable tzset.
#ifndef FMT_USE_TZSET
// UWP doesn't provide _tzset.
#if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE("winapifamily.h")
#include <winapifamily.h>
#endif
#if defined(_WIN32) && (!defined(WINAPI_FAMILY) || \
                        (WINAPI_FAMILY == WINAPI_FAMILY_DESKTOP_APP))
#define FMT_USE_TZSET 1
#else
#define FMT_USE_TZSET 0
#endif
#endif
 
// Enable safe chrono durations, unless explicitly disabled.
#ifndef FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
#define FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST 1
#endif
#if FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
 
// For conversion between std::chrono::durations without undefined
// behaviour or erroneous results.
// This is a stripped down version of duration_cast, for inclusion in fmt.
// See https://github.com/pauldreik/safe_duration_cast
//
// Copyright Paul Dreik 2019
namespace safe_duration_cast
{
 
    template <typename To, typename From, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<From, To>::value && std::numeric_limits<From>::is_signed == std::numeric_limits<To>::is_signed)>
    FMT_CONSTEXPR To lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec)
    {
        ec      = 0;
        using F = std::numeric_limits<From>;
        using T = std::numeric_limits<To>;
        static_assert(F::is_integer, "From must be integral");
        static_assert(T::is_integer, "To must be integral");
 
        // A and B are both signed, or both unsigned.
        if (detail::const_check(F::digits <= T::digits))
        {
            // From fits in To without any problem.
        }
        else
        {
            // From does not always fit in To, resort to a dynamic check.
            if (from < (T::min)() || from > (T::max)())
            {
                // outside range.
                ec = 1;
                return {};
            }
        }
        return static_cast<To>(from);
    }
 
    template <typename To, typename From, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<From, To>::value && std::numeric_limits<From>::is_signed != std::numeric_limits<To>::is_signed)>
    FMT_CONSTEXPR To lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec)
    {
        ec      = 0;
        using F = std::numeric_limits<From>;
        using T = std::numeric_limits<To>;
        static_assert(F::is_integer, "From must be integral");
        static_assert(T::is_integer, "To must be integral");
 
        if (detail::const_check(F::is_signed && !T::is_signed))
        {
            // From may be negative, not allowed!
            if (fmt::detail::is_negative(from))
            {
                ec = 1;
                return {};
            }
            // From is positive. Can it always fit in To?
            if (detail::const_check(F::digits > T::digits) &&
                from > static_cast<From>(detail::max_value<To>()))
            {
                ec = 1;
                return {};
            }
        }
 
        if (detail::const_check(!F::is_signed && T::is_signed &&
                                F::digits >= T::digits) &&
            from > static_cast<From>(detail::max_value<To>()))
        {
            ec = 1;
            return {};
        }
        return static_cast<To>(from); // Lossless conversion.
    }
 
    template <typename To, typename From, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<From, To>::value)>
    FMT_CONSTEXPR To lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec)
    {
        ec = 0;
        return from;
    } // function
 
    // clang-format off
    // clang-format on
    template <typename To, typename From, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<From, To>::value)>
    FMT_CONSTEXPR To safe_float_conversion(const From from, int& ec)
    {
        ec      = 0;
        using T = std::numeric_limits<To>;
        static_assert(std::is_floating_point<From>::value, "From must be floating");
        static_assert(std::is_floating_point<To>::value, "To must be floating");
 
        // catch the only happy case
        if (std::isfinite(from))
        {
            if (from >= T::lowest() && from <= (T::max)())
            {
                return static_cast<To>(from);
            }
            // not within range.
            ec = 1;
            return {};
        }
 
        // nan and inf will be preserved
        return static_cast<To>(from);
    } // function
 
    template <typename To, typename From, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<From, To>::value)>
    FMT_CONSTEXPR To safe_float_conversion(const From from, int& ec)
    {
        ec = 0;
        static_assert(std::is_floating_point<From>::value, "From must be floating");
        return from;
    }
 
    template <typename To, typename FromRep, typename FromPeriod, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<FromRep>::value), FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<typename To::rep>::value)>
    To safe_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from,
                          int&                                       ec)
    {
        using From = std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod>;
        ec         = 0;
        // the basic idea is that we need to convert from count() in the from type
        // to count() in the To type, by multiplying it with this:
        struct Factor
            : std::ratio_divide<typename From::period, typename To::period>
        {
        };
 
        static_assert(Factor::num > 0, "num must be positive");
        static_assert(Factor::den > 0, "den must be positive");
 
        // the conversion is like this: multiply from.count() with Factor::num
        // /Factor::den and convert it to To::rep, all this without
        // overflow/underflow. let's start by finding a suitable type that can hold
        // both To, From and Factor::num
        using IntermediateRep =
            typename std::common_type<typename From::rep, typename To::rep,
                                      decltype(Factor::num)>::type;
 
        // safe conversion to IntermediateRep
        IntermediateRep count =
            lossless_integral_conversion<IntermediateRep>(from.count(), ec);
        if (ec)
            return {};
        // multiply with Factor::num without overflow or underflow
        if (detail::const_check(Factor::num != 1))
        {
            const auto max1 = detail::max_value<IntermediateRep>() / Factor::num;
            if (count > max1)
            {
                ec = 1;
                return {};
            }
            const auto min1 =
                (std::numeric_limits<IntermediateRep>::min)() / Factor::num;
            if (!std::is_unsigned<IntermediateRep>::value && count < min1)
            {
                ec = 1;
                return {};
            }
            count *= Factor::num;
        }
 
        if (detail::const_check(Factor::den != 1))
            count /= Factor::den;
        auto tocount = lossless_integral_conversion<typename To::rep>(count, ec);
        return ec ? To() : To(tocount);
    }
 
    template <typename To, typename FromRep, typename FromPeriod, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<FromRep>::value), FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<typename To::rep>::value)>
    To safe_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from,
                          int&                                       ec)
    {
        using From = std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod>;
        ec         = 0;
        if (std::isnan(from.count()))
        {
            // nan in, gives nan out. easy.
            return To{std::numeric_limits<typename To::rep>::quiet_NaN()};
        }
        // maybe we should also check if from is denormal, and decide what to do about
        // it.
 
        // +-inf should be preserved.
        if (std::isinf(from.count()))
        {
            return To{from.count()};
        }
 
        // the basic idea is that we need to convert from count() in the from type
        // to count() in the To type, by multiplying it with this:
        struct Factor
            : std::ratio_divide<typename From::period, typename To::period>
        {
        };
 
        static_assert(Factor::num > 0, "num must be positive");
        static_assert(Factor::den > 0, "den must be positive");
 
        // the conversion is like this: multiply from.count() with Factor::num
        // /Factor::den and convert it to To::rep, all this without
        // overflow/underflow. let's start by finding a suitable type that can hold
        // both To, From and Factor::num
        using IntermediateRep =
            typename std::common_type<typename From::rep, typename To::rep,
                                      decltype(Factor::num)>::type;
 
        // force conversion of From::rep -> IntermediateRep to be safe,
        // even if it will never happen be narrowing in this context.
        IntermediateRep count =
            safe_float_conversion<IntermediateRep>(from.count(), ec);
        if (ec)
        {
            return {};
        }
 
        // multiply with Factor::num without overflow or underflow
        if (detail::const_check(Factor::num != 1))
        {
            constexpr auto max1 = detail::max_value<IntermediateRep>() /
                                  static_cast<IntermediateRep>(Factor::num);
            if (count > max1)
            {
                ec = 1;
                return {};
            }
            constexpr auto min1 = std::numeric_limits<IntermediateRep>::lowest() /
                                  static_cast<IntermediateRep>(Factor::num);
            if (count < min1)
            {
                ec = 1;
                return {};
            }
            count *= static_cast<IntermediateRep>(Factor::num);
        }
 
        // this can't go wrong, right? den>0 is checked earlier.
        if (detail::const_check(Factor::den != 1))
        {
            using common_t = typename std::common_type<IntermediateRep, intmax_t>::type;
            count /= static_cast<common_t>(Factor::den);
        }
 
        // convert to the to type, safely
        using ToRep = typename To::rep;
 
        const ToRep tocount = safe_float_conversion<ToRep>(count, ec);
        if (ec)
        {
            return {};
        }
        return To{tocount};
    }
} // namespace safe_duration_cast
#endif
 
// Prevents expansion of a preceding token as a function-style macro.
// Usage: f FMT_NOMACRO()
#define FMT_NOMACRO
 
namespace detail
{
    template <typename T = void>
    struct null
    {
    };
    inline null<> localtime_r FMT_NOMACRO(...)
    {
        return null<>();
    }
    inline null<> localtime_s(...)
    {
        return null<>();
    }
    inline null<> gmtime_r(...)
    {
        return null<>();
    }
    inline null<> gmtime_s(...)
    {
        return null<>();
    }
 
    inline const std::locale& get_classic_locale()
    {
        static const auto& locale = std::locale::classic();
        return locale;
    }
 
    template <typename CodeUnit>
    struct codecvt_result
    {
        static constexpr const size_t max_size = 32;
        CodeUnit                      buf[max_size];
        CodeUnit*                     end;
    };
    template <typename CodeUnit>
    constexpr const size_t codecvt_result<CodeUnit>::max_size;
 
    template <typename CodeUnit>
    void write_codecvt(codecvt_result<CodeUnit>& out, string_view in_buf, const std::locale& loc)
    {
#if FMT_CLANG_VERSION
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated"
        auto& f = std::use_facet<std::codecvt<CodeUnit, char, std::mbstate_t>>(loc);
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
#else
        auto& f = std::use_facet<std::codecvt<CodeUnit, char, std::mbstate_t>>(loc);
#endif
        auto        mb        = std::mbstate_t();
        const char* from_next = nullptr;
        auto        result    = f.in(mb, in_buf.begin(), in_buf.end(), from_next,
                                     std::begin(out.buf), std::end(out.buf), out.end);
        if (result != std::codecvt_base::ok)
            FMT_THROW(format_error("failed to format time"));
    }
 
    template <typename OutputIt>
    auto write_encoded_tm_str(OutputIt out, string_view in, const std::locale& loc)
        -> OutputIt
    {
        if (detail::is_utf8() && loc != get_classic_locale())
        {
            // char16_t and char32_t codecvts are broken in MSVC (linkage errors) and
            // gcc-4.
#if FMT_MSC_VERSION != 0 || \
    (defined(__GLIBCXX__) && !defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_DUAL_ABI))
            // The _GLIBCXX_USE_DUAL_ABI macro is always defined in libstdc++ from gcc-5
            // and newer.
            using code_unit = wchar_t;
#else
            using code_unit = char32_t;
#endif
 
            using unit_t = codecvt_result<code_unit>;
            unit_t unit;
            write_codecvt(unit, in, loc);
            // In UTF-8 is used one to four one-byte code units.
            auto&& buf = basic_memory_buffer<char, unit_t::max_size * 4>();
            for (code_unit* p = unit.buf; p != unit.end; ++p)
            {
                uint32_t c = static_cast<uint32_t>(*p);
                if (sizeof(code_unit) == 2 && c >= 0xd800 && c <= 0xdfff)
                {
                    // surrogate pair
                    ++p;
                    if (p == unit.end || (c & 0xfc00) != 0xd800 ||
                        (*p & 0xfc00) != 0xdc00)
                    {
                        FMT_THROW(format_error("failed to format time"));
                    }
                    c = (c << 10) + static_cast<uint32_t>(*p) - 0x35fdc00;
                }
                if (c < 0x80)
                {
                    buf.push_back(static_cast<char>(c));
                }
                else if (c < 0x800)
                {
                    buf.push_back(static_cast<char>(0xc0 | (c >> 6)));
                    buf.push_back(static_cast<char>(0x80 | (c & 0x3f)));
                }
                else if ((c >= 0x800 && c <= 0xd7ff) || (c >= 0xe000 && c <= 0xffff))
                {
                    buf.push_back(static_cast<char>(0xe0 | (c >> 12)));
                    buf.push_back(static_cast<char>(0x80 | ((c & 0xfff) >> 6)));
                    buf.push_back(static_cast<char>(0x80 | (c & 0x3f)));
                }
                else if (c >= 0x10000 && c <= 0x10ffff)
                {
                    buf.push_back(static_cast<char>(0xf0 | (c >> 18)));
                    buf.push_back(static_cast<char>(0x80 | ((c & 0x3ffff) >> 12)));
                    buf.push_back(static_cast<char>(0x80 | ((c & 0xfff) >> 6)));
                    buf.push_back(static_cast<char>(0x80 | (c & 0x3f)));
                }
                else
                {
                    FMT_THROW(format_error("failed to format time"));
                }
            }
            return copy_str<char>(buf.data(), buf.data() + buf.size(), out);
        }
        return copy_str<char>(in.data(), in.data() + in.size(), out);
    }
 
    template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<Char, char>::value)>
    auto write_tm_str(OutputIt out, string_view sv, const std::locale& loc)
        -> OutputIt
    {
        codecvt_result<Char> unit;
        write_codecvt(unit, sv, loc);
        return copy_str<Char>(unit.buf, unit.end, out);
    }
 
    template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<Char, char>::value)>
    auto write_tm_str(OutputIt out, string_view sv, const std::locale& loc)
        -> OutputIt
    {
        return write_encoded_tm_str(out, sv, loc);
    }
 
    template <typename Char>
    inline void do_write(buffer<Char>& buf, const std::tm& time, const std::locale& loc, char format, char modifier)
    {
        auto&& format_buf = formatbuf<std::basic_streambuf<Char>>(buf);
        auto&& os         = std::basic_ostream<Char>(&format_buf);
        os.imbue(loc);
        using iterator    = std::ostreambuf_iterator<Char>;
        const auto& facet = std::use_facet<std::time_put<Char, iterator>>(loc);
        auto        end   = facet.put(os, os, Char(' '), &time, format, modifier);
        if (end.failed())
            FMT_THROW(format_error("failed to format time"));
    }
 
    template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<Char, char>::value)>
    auto write(OutputIt out, const std::tm& time, const std::locale& loc, char format, char modifier = 0) -> OutputIt
    {
        auto&& buf = get_buffer<Char>(out);
        do_write<Char>(buf, time, loc, format, modifier);
        return buf.out();
    }
 
    template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<Char, char>::value)>
    auto write(OutputIt out, const std::tm& time, const std::locale& loc, char format, char modifier = 0) -> OutputIt
    {
        auto&& buf = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
        do_write<char>(buf, time, loc, format, modifier);
        return write_encoded_tm_str(out, string_view(buf.data(), buf.size()), loc);
    }
 
} // namespace detail
 
FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_BEGIN
 
inline std::tm localtime(std::time_t time)
{
    struct dispatcher
    {
        std::time_t time_;
        std::tm     tm_;
 
        dispatcher(std::time_t t)
            : time_(t)
        {
        }
 
        bool run()
        {
            using namespace fmt::detail;
            return handle(localtime_r(&time_, &tm_));
        }
 
        bool handle(std::tm* tm)
        {
            return tm != nullptr;
        }
 
        bool handle(detail::null<>)
        {
            using namespace fmt::detail;
            return fallback(localtime_s(&tm_, &time_));
        }
 
        bool fallback(int res)
        {
            return res == 0;
        }
 
#if !FMT_MSC_VERSION
        bool fallback(detail::null<>)
        {
            using namespace fmt::detail;
            std::tm* tm = std::localtime(&time_);
            if (tm)
                tm_ = *tm;
            return tm != nullptr;
        }
#endif
    };
    dispatcher lt(time);
    // Too big time values may be unsupported.
    if (!lt.run())
        FMT_THROW(format_error("time_t value out of range"));
    return lt.tm_;
}
 
inline std::tm localtime(
    std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock> time_point)
{
    return localtime(std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(time_point));
}
 
inline std::tm gmtime(std::time_t time)
{
    struct dispatcher
    {
        std::time_t time_;
        std::tm     tm_;
 
        dispatcher(std::time_t t)
            : time_(t)
        {
        }
 
        bool run()
        {
            using namespace fmt::detail;
            return handle(gmtime_r(&time_, &tm_));
        }
 
        bool handle(std::tm* tm)
        {
            return tm != nullptr;
        }
 
        bool handle(detail::null<>)
        {
            using namespace fmt::detail;
            return fallback(gmtime_s(&tm_, &time_));
        }
 
        bool fallback(int res)
        {
            return res == 0;
        }
 
#if !FMT_MSC_VERSION
        bool fallback(detail::null<>)
        {
            std::tm* tm = std::gmtime(&time_);
            if (tm)
                tm_ = *tm;
            return tm != nullptr;
        }
#endif
    };
    dispatcher gt(time);
    // Too big time values may be unsupported.
    if (!gt.run())
        FMT_THROW(format_error("time_t value out of range"));
    return gt.tm_;
}
 
inline std::tm gmtime(
    std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock> time_point)
{
    return gmtime(std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(time_point));
}
 
FMT_BEGIN_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
 
// Writes two-digit numbers a, b and c separated by sep to buf.
// The method by Pavel Novikov based on
// https://johnnylee-sde.github.io/Fast-unsigned-integer-to-time-string/.
inline void write_digit2_separated(char* buf, unsigned a, unsigned b, unsigned c, char sep)
{
    unsigned long long digits =
        a | (b << 24) | (static_cast<unsigned long long>(c) << 48);
    // Convert each value to BCD.
    // We have x = a * 10 + b and we want to convert it to BCD y = a * 16 + b.
    // The difference is
    //   y - x = a * 6
    // a can be found from x:
    //   a = floor(x / 10)
    // then
    //   y = x + a * 6 = x + floor(x / 10) * 6
    // floor(x / 10) is (x * 205) >> 11 (needs 16 bits).
    digits += (((digits * 205) >> 11) & 0x000f00000f00000f) * 6;
    // Put low nibbles to high bytes and high nibbles to low bytes.
    digits = ((digits & 0x00f00000f00000f0) >> 4) |
             ((digits & 0x000f00000f00000f) << 8);
    auto usep = static_cast<unsigned long long>(sep);
    // Add ASCII '0' to each digit byte and insert separators.
    digits |= 0x3030003030003030 | (usep << 16) | (usep << 40);
 
    constexpr const size_t len = 8;
    if (const_check(is_big_endian()))
    {
        char tmp[len];
        std::memcpy(tmp, &digits, len);
        std::reverse_copy(tmp, tmp + len, buf);
    }
    else
    {
        std::memcpy(buf, &digits, len);
    }
}
 
template <typename Period>
FMT_CONSTEXPR inline const char* get_units()
{
    if (std::is_same<Period, std::atto>::value)
        return "as";
    if (std::is_same<Period, std::femto>::value)
        return "fs";
    if (std::is_same<Period, std::pico>::value)
        return "ps";
    if (std::is_same<Period, std::nano>::value)
        return "ns";
    if (std::is_same<Period, std::micro>::value)
        return "µs";
    if (std::is_same<Period, std::milli>::value)
        return "ms";
    if (std::is_same<Period, std::centi>::value)
        return "cs";
    if (std::is_same<Period, std::deci>::value)
        return "ds";
    if (std::is_same<Period, std::ratio<1>>::value)
        return "s";
    if (std::is_same<Period, std::deca>::value)
        return "das";
    if (std::is_same<Period, std::hecto>::value)
        return "hs";
    if (std::is_same<Period, std::kilo>::value)
        return "ks";
    if (std::is_same<Period, std::mega>::value)
        return "Ms";
    if (std::is_same<Period, std::giga>::value)
        return "Gs";
    if (std::is_same<Period, std::tera>::value)
        return "Ts";
    if (std::is_same<Period, std::peta>::value)
        return "Ps";
    if (std::is_same<Period, std::exa>::value)
        return "Es";
    if (std::is_same<Period, std::ratio<60>>::value)
        return "m";
    if (std::is_same<Period, std::ratio<3600>>::value)
        return "h";
    return nullptr;
}
 
enum class numeric_system
{
    standard,
    // Alternative numeric system, e.g. 十二 instead of 12 in ja_JP locale.
    alternative
};
 
// Parses a put_time-like format string and invokes handler actions.
template <typename Char, typename Handler>
FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* parse_chrono_format(const Char* begin,
                                              const Char* end,
                                              Handler&&   handler)
{
    auto ptr = begin;
    while (ptr != end)
    {
        auto c = *ptr;
        if (c == '}')
            break;
        if (c != '%')
        {
            ++ptr;
            continue;
        }
        if (begin != ptr)
            handler.on_text(begin, ptr);
        ++ptr; // consume '%'
        if (ptr == end)
            FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format"));
        c = *ptr++;
        switch (c)
        {
        case '%':
            handler.on_text(ptr - 1, ptr);
            break;
        case 'n': {
            const Char newline[] = {'\n'};
            handler.on_text(newline, newline + 1);
            break;
        }
        case 't': {
            const Char tab[] = {'\t'};
            handler.on_text(tab, tab + 1);
            break;
        }
        // Year:
        case 'Y':
            handler.on_year(numeric_system::standard);
            break;
        case 'y':
            handler.on_short_year(numeric_system::standard);
            break;
        case 'C':
            handler.on_century(numeric_system::standard);
            break;
        case 'G':
            handler.on_iso_week_based_year();
            break;
        case 'g':
            handler.on_iso_week_based_short_year();
            break;
        // Day of the week:
        case 'a':
            handler.on_abbr_weekday();
            break;
        case 'A':
            handler.on_full_weekday();
            break;
        case 'w':
            handler.on_dec0_weekday(numeric_system::standard);
            break;
        case 'u':
            handler.on_dec1_weekday(numeric_system::standard);
            break;
        // Month:
        case 'b':
        case 'h':
            handler.on_abbr_month();
            break;
        case 'B':
            handler.on_full_month();
            break;
        case 'm':
            handler.on_dec_month(numeric_system::standard);
            break;
        // Day of the year/month:
        case 'U':
            handler.on_dec0_week_of_year(numeric_system::standard);
            break;
        case 'W':
            handler.on_dec1_week_of_year(numeric_system::standard);
            break;
        case 'V':
            handler.on_iso_week_of_year(numeric_system::standard);
            break;
        case 'j':
            handler.on_day_of_year();
            break;
        case 'd':
            handler.on_day_of_month(numeric_system::standard);
            break;
        case 'e':
            handler.on_day_of_month_space(numeric_system::standard);
            break;
        // Hour, minute, second:
        case 'H':
            handler.on_24_hour(numeric_system::standard);
            break;
        case 'I':
            handler.on_12_hour(numeric_system::standard);
            break;
        case 'M':
            handler.on_minute(numeric_system::standard);
            break;
        case 'S':
            handler.on_second(numeric_system::standard);
            break;
        // Other:
        case 'c':
            handler.on_datetime(numeric_system::standard);
            break;
        case 'x':
            handler.on_loc_date(numeric_system::standard);
            break;
        case 'X':
            handler.on_loc_time(numeric_system::standard);
            break;
        case 'D':
            handler.on_us_date();
            break;
        case 'F':
            handler.on_iso_date();
            break;
        case 'r':
            handler.on_12_hour_time();
            break;
        case 'R':
            handler.on_24_hour_time();
            break;
        case 'T':
            handler.on_iso_time();
            break;
        case 'p':
            handler.on_am_pm();
            break;
        case 'Q':
            handler.on_duration_value();
            break;
        case 'q':
            handler.on_duration_unit();
            break;
        case 'z':
            handler.on_utc_offset();
            break;
        case 'Z':
            handler.on_tz_name();
            break;
        // Alternative representation:
        case 'E': {
            if (ptr == end)
                FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format"));
            c = *ptr++;
            switch (c)
            {
            case 'Y':
                handler.on_year(numeric_system::alternative);
                break;
            case 'y':
                handler.on_offset_year();
                break;
            case 'C':
                handler.on_century(numeric_system::alternative);
                break;
            case 'c':
                handler.on_datetime(numeric_system::alternative);
                break;
            case 'x':
                handler.on_loc_date(numeric_system::alternative);
                break;
            case 'X':
                handler.on_loc_time(numeric_system::alternative);
                break;
            default:
                FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format"));
            }
            break;
        }
        case 'O':
            if (ptr == end)
                FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format"));
            c = *ptr++;
            switch (c)
            {
            case 'y':
                handler.on_short_year(numeric_system::alternative);
                break;
            case 'm':
                handler.on_dec_month(numeric_system::alternative);
                break;
            case 'U':
                handler.on_dec0_week_of_year(numeric_system::alternative);
                break;
            case 'W':
                handler.on_dec1_week_of_year(numeric_system::alternative);
                break;
            case 'V':
                handler.on_iso_week_of_year(numeric_system::alternative);
                break;
            case 'd':
                handler.on_day_of_month(numeric_system::alternative);
                break;
            case 'e':
                handler.on_day_of_month_space(numeric_system::alternative);
                break;
            case 'w':
                handler.on_dec0_weekday(numeric_system::alternative);
                break;
            case 'u':
                handler.on_dec1_weekday(numeric_system::alternative);
                break;
            case 'H':
                handler.on_24_hour(numeric_system::alternative);
                break;
            case 'I':
                handler.on_12_hour(numeric_system::alternative);
                break;
            case 'M':
                handler.on_minute(numeric_system::alternative);
                break;
            case 'S':
                handler.on_second(numeric_system::alternative);
                break;
            default:
                FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format"));
            }
            break;
        default:
            FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format"));
        }
        begin = ptr;
    }
    if (begin != ptr)
        handler.on_text(begin, ptr);
    return ptr;
}
 
template <typename Derived>
struct null_chrono_spec_handler
{
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void unsupported()
    {
        static_cast<Derived*>(this)->unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_year(numeric_system)
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_short_year(numeric_system)
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_offset_year()
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_century(numeric_system)
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_iso_week_based_year()
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_iso_week_based_short_year()
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_abbr_weekday()
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_full_weekday()
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec0_weekday(numeric_system)
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec1_weekday(numeric_system)
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_abbr_month()
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_full_month()
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec_month(numeric_system)
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec0_week_of_year(numeric_system)
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec1_week_of_year(numeric_system)
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_iso_week_of_year(numeric_system)
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_day_of_year()
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_day_of_month(numeric_system)
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_day_of_month_space(numeric_system)
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_24_hour(numeric_system)
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_12_hour(numeric_system)
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_minute(numeric_system)
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_second(numeric_system)
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_datetime(numeric_system)
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_loc_date(numeric_system)
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_loc_time(numeric_system)
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_us_date()
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_iso_date()
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_12_hour_time()
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_24_hour_time()
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_iso_time()
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_am_pm()
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_duration_value()
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_duration_unit()
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_utc_offset()
    {
        unsupported();
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_tz_name()
    {
        unsupported();
    }
};
 
struct tm_format_checker : null_chrono_spec_handler<tm_format_checker>
{
    FMT_NORETURN void unsupported()
    {
        FMT_THROW(format_error("no format"));
    }
 
    template <typename Char>
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_text(const Char*, const Char*)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_year(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_short_year(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_offset_year()
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_century(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_iso_week_based_year()
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_iso_week_based_short_year()
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_abbr_weekday()
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_full_weekday()
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec0_weekday(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec1_weekday(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_abbr_month()
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_full_month()
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec_month(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec0_week_of_year(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec1_week_of_year(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_iso_week_of_year(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_day_of_year()
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_day_of_month(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_day_of_month_space(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_24_hour(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_12_hour(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_minute(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_second(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_datetime(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_loc_date(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_loc_time(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_us_date()
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_iso_date()
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_12_hour_time()
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_24_hour_time()
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_iso_time()
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_am_pm()
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_utc_offset()
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_tz_name()
    {
    }
};
 
inline const char* tm_wday_full_name(int wday)
{
    static constexpr const char* full_name_list[] = {
        "Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday",
        "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"};
    return wday >= 0 && wday <= 6 ? full_name_list[wday] : "?";
}
inline const char* tm_wday_short_name(int wday)
{
    static constexpr const char* short_name_list[] = {"Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed",
                                                      "Thu", "Fri", "Sat"};
    return wday >= 0 && wday <= 6 ? short_name_list[wday] : "???";
}
 
inline const char* tm_mon_full_name(int mon)
{
    static constexpr const char* full_name_list[] = {
        "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June",
        "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"};
    return mon >= 0 && mon <= 11 ? full_name_list[mon] : "?";
}
inline const char* tm_mon_short_name(int mon)
{
    static constexpr const char* short_name_list[] = {
        "Jan",
        "Feb",
        "Mar",
        "Apr",
        "May",
        "Jun",
        "Jul",
        "Aug",
        "Sep",
        "Oct",
        "Nov",
        "Dec",
    };
    return mon >= 0 && mon <= 11 ? short_name_list[mon] : "???";
}
 
template <typename T, typename = void>
struct has_member_data_tm_gmtoff : std::false_type
{
};
template <typename T>
struct has_member_data_tm_gmtoff<T, void_t<decltype(T::tm_gmtoff)>>
    : std::true_type
{
};
 
template <typename T, typename = void>
struct has_member_data_tm_zone : std::false_type
{
};
template <typename T>
struct has_member_data_tm_zone<T, void_t<decltype(T::tm_zone)>>
    : std::true_type
{
};
 
#if FMT_USE_TZSET
inline void tzset_once()
{
    static bool init = []() -> bool {
        _tzset();
        return true;
    }();
    ignore_unused(init);
}
#endif
 
template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
class tm_writer
{
private:
    static constexpr int days_per_week = 7;
 
    const std::locale& loc_;
    const bool         is_classic_;
    OutputIt           out_;
    const std::tm&     tm_;
 
    auto tm_sec() const noexcept -> int
    {
        FMT_ASSERT(tm_.tm_sec >= 0 && tm_.tm_sec <= 61, "");
        return tm_.tm_sec;
    }
    auto tm_min() const noexcept -> int
    {
        FMT_ASSERT(tm_.tm_min >= 0 && tm_.tm_min <= 59, "");
        return tm_.tm_min;
    }
    auto tm_hour() const noexcept -> int
    {
        FMT_ASSERT(tm_.tm_hour >= 0 && tm_.tm_hour <= 23, "");
        return tm_.tm_hour;
    }
    auto tm_mday() const noexcept -> int
    {
        FMT_ASSERT(tm_.tm_mday >= 1 && tm_.tm_mday <= 31, "");
        return tm_.tm_mday;
    }
    auto tm_mon() const noexcept -> int
    {
        FMT_ASSERT(tm_.tm_mon >= 0 && tm_.tm_mon <= 11, "");
        return tm_.tm_mon;
    }
    auto tm_year() const noexcept -> long long
    {
        return 1900ll + tm_.tm_year;
    }
    auto tm_wday() const noexcept -> int
    {
        FMT_ASSERT(tm_.tm_wday >= 0 && tm_.tm_wday <= 6, "");
        return tm_.tm_wday;
    }
    auto tm_yday() const noexcept -> int
    {
        FMT_ASSERT(tm_.tm_yday >= 0 && tm_.tm_yday <= 365, "");
        return tm_.tm_yday;
    }
 
    auto tm_hour12() const noexcept -> int
    {
        const auto h = tm_hour();
        const auto z = h < 12 ? h : h - 12;
        return z == 0 ? 12 : z;
    }
 
    // POSIX and the C Standard are unclear or inconsistent about what %C and %y
    // do if the year is negative or exceeds 9999. Use the convention that %C
    // concatenated with %y yields the same output as %Y, and that %Y contains at
    // least 4 characters, with more only if necessary.
    auto split_year_lower(long long year) const noexcept -> int
    {
        auto l = year % 100;
        if (l < 0)
            l = -l; // l in [0, 99]
        return static_cast<int>(l);
    }
 
    // Algorithm:
    // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_week_date#Calculating_the_week_number_from_a_month_and_day_of_the_month_or_ordinal_date
    auto iso_year_weeks(long long curr_year) const noexcept -> int
    {
        const auto prev_year = curr_year - 1;
        const auto curr_p =
            (curr_year + curr_year / 4 - curr_year / 100 + curr_year / 400) %
            days_per_week;
        const auto prev_p =
            (prev_year + prev_year / 4 - prev_year / 100 + prev_year / 400) %
            days_per_week;
        return 52 + ((curr_p == 4 || prev_p == 3) ? 1 : 0);
    }
    auto iso_week_num(int tm_yday, int tm_wday) const noexcept -> int
    {
        return (tm_yday + 11 - (tm_wday == 0 ? days_per_week : tm_wday)) /
               days_per_week;
    }
    auto tm_iso_week_year() const noexcept -> long long
    {
        const auto year = tm_year();
        const auto w    = iso_week_num(tm_yday(), tm_wday());
        if (w < 1)
            return year - 1;
        if (w > iso_year_weeks(year))
            return year + 1;
        return year;
    }
    auto tm_iso_week_of_year() const noexcept -> int
    {
        const auto year = tm_year();
        const auto w    = iso_week_num(tm_yday(), tm_wday());
        if (w < 1)
            return iso_year_weeks(year - 1);
        if (w > iso_year_weeks(year))
            return 1;
        return w;
    }
 
    void write1(int value)
    {
        *out_++ = static_cast<char>('0' + to_unsigned(value) % 10);
    }
    void write2(int value)
    {
        const char* d = digits2(to_unsigned(value) % 100);
        *out_++       = *d++;
        *out_++       = *d;
    }
 
    void write_year_extended(long long year)
    {
        // At least 4 characters.
        int width = 4;
        if (year < 0)
        {
            *out_++ = '-';
            year    = 0 - year;
            --width;
        }
        uint32_or_64_or_128_t<long long> n          = to_unsigned(year);
        const int                        num_digits = count_digits(n);
        if (width > num_digits)
            out_ = std::fill_n(out_, width - num_digits, '0');
        out_ = format_decimal<Char>(out_, n, num_digits).end;
    }
    void write_year(long long year)
    {
        if (year >= 0 && year < 10000)
        {
            write2(static_cast<int>(year / 100));
            write2(static_cast<int>(year % 100));
        }
        else
        {
            write_year_extended(year);
        }
    }
 
    void write_utc_offset(long offset)
    {
        if (offset < 0)
        {
            *out_++ = '-';
            offset  = -offset;
        }
        else
        {
            *out_++ = '+';
        }
        offset /= 60;
        write2(static_cast<int>(offset / 60));
        write2(static_cast<int>(offset % 60));
    }
    template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(has_member_data_tm_gmtoff<T>::value)>
    void format_utc_offset_impl(const T& tm)
    {
        write_utc_offset(tm.tm_gmtoff);
    }
    template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!has_member_data_tm_gmtoff<T>::value)>
    void format_utc_offset_impl(const T& tm)
    {
#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(_UCRT)
#if FMT_USE_TZSET
        tzset_once();
#endif
        long offset = 0;
        _get_timezone(&offset);
        if (tm.tm_isdst)
        {
            long dstbias = 0;
            _get_dstbias(&dstbias);
            offset += dstbias;
        }
        write_utc_offset(-offset);
#else
        ignore_unused(tm);
        format_localized('z');
#endif
    }
 
    template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(has_member_data_tm_zone<T>::value)>
    void format_tz_name_impl(const T& tm)
    {
        if (is_classic_)
            out_ = write_tm_str<Char>(out_, tm.tm_zone, loc_);
        else
            format_localized('Z');
    }
    template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!has_member_data_tm_zone<T>::value)>
    void format_tz_name_impl(const T&)
    {
        format_localized('Z');
    }
 
    void format_localized(char format, char modifier = 0)
    {
        out_ = write<Char>(out_, tm_, loc_, format, modifier);
    }
 
public:
    tm_writer(const std::locale& loc, OutputIt out, const std::tm& tm)
        : loc_(loc),
          is_classic_(loc_ == get_classic_locale()),
          out_(out),
          tm_(tm)
    {
    }
 
    OutputIt out() const
    {
        return out_;
    }
 
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_text(const Char* begin, const Char* end)
    {
        out_ = copy_str<Char>(begin, end, out_);
    }
 
    void on_abbr_weekday()
    {
        if (is_classic_)
            out_ = write(out_, tm_wday_short_name(tm_wday()));
        else
            format_localized('a');
    }
    void on_full_weekday()
    {
        if (is_classic_)
            out_ = write(out_, tm_wday_full_name(tm_wday()));
        else
            format_localized('A');
    }
    void on_dec0_weekday(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard)
            return write1(tm_wday());
        format_localized('w', 'O');
    }
    void on_dec1_weekday(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard)
        {
            auto wday = tm_wday();
            write1(wday == 0 ? days_per_week : wday);
        }
        else
        {
            format_localized('u', 'O');
        }
    }
 
    void on_abbr_month()
    {
        if (is_classic_)
            out_ = write(out_, tm_mon_short_name(tm_mon()));
        else
            format_localized('b');
    }
    void on_full_month()
    {
        if (is_classic_)
            out_ = write(out_, tm_mon_full_name(tm_mon()));
        else
            format_localized('B');
    }
 
    void on_datetime(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (is_classic_)
        {
            on_abbr_weekday();
            *out_++ = ' ';
            on_abbr_month();
            *out_++ = ' ';
            on_day_of_month_space(numeric_system::standard);
            *out_++ = ' ';
            on_iso_time();
            *out_++ = ' ';
            on_year(numeric_system::standard);
        }
        else
        {
            format_localized('c', ns == numeric_system::standard ? '\0' : 'E');
        }
    }
    void on_loc_date(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (is_classic_)
            on_us_date();
        else
            format_localized('x', ns == numeric_system::standard ? '\0' : 'E');
    }
    void on_loc_time(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (is_classic_)
            on_iso_time();
        else
            format_localized('X', ns == numeric_system::standard ? '\0' : 'E');
    }
    void on_us_date()
    {
        char buf[8];
        write_digit2_separated(buf, to_unsigned(tm_mon() + 1),
                               to_unsigned(tm_mday()),
                               to_unsigned(split_year_lower(tm_year())), '/');
        out_ = copy_str<Char>(std::begin(buf), std::end(buf), out_);
    }
    void on_iso_date()
    {
        auto   year = tm_year();
        char   buf[10];
        size_t offset = 0;
        if (year >= 0 && year < 10000)
        {
            copy2(buf, digits2(static_cast<size_t>(year / 100)));
        }
        else
        {
            offset = 4;
            write_year_extended(year);
            year = 0;
        }
        write_digit2_separated(buf + 2, static_cast<unsigned>(year % 100),
                               to_unsigned(tm_mon() + 1), to_unsigned(tm_mday()),
                               '-');
        out_ = copy_str<Char>(std::begin(buf) + offset, std::end(buf), out_);
    }
 
    void on_utc_offset()
    {
        format_utc_offset_impl(tm_);
    }
    void on_tz_name()
    {
        format_tz_name_impl(tm_);
    }
 
    void on_year(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard)
            return write_year(tm_year());
        format_localized('Y', 'E');
    }
    void on_short_year(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard)
            return write2(split_year_lower(tm_year()));
        format_localized('y', 'O');
    }
    void on_offset_year()
    {
        if (is_classic_)
            return write2(split_year_lower(tm_year()));
        format_localized('y', 'E');
    }
 
    void on_century(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard)
        {
            auto year  = tm_year();
            auto upper = year / 100;
            if (year >= -99 && year < 0)
            {
                // Zero upper on negative year.
                *out_++ = '-';
                *out_++ = '0';
            }
            else if (upper >= 0 && upper < 100)
            {
                write2(static_cast<int>(upper));
            }
            else
            {
                out_ = write<Char>(out_, upper);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            format_localized('C', 'E');
        }
    }
 
    void on_dec_month(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard)
            return write2(tm_mon() + 1);
        format_localized('m', 'O');
    }
 
    void on_dec0_week_of_year(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard)
            return write2((tm_yday() + days_per_week - tm_wday()) / days_per_week);
        format_localized('U', 'O');
    }
    void on_dec1_week_of_year(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard)
        {
            auto wday = tm_wday();
            write2((tm_yday() + days_per_week -
                    (wday == 0 ? (days_per_week - 1) : (wday - 1))) /
                   days_per_week);
        }
        else
        {
            format_localized('W', 'O');
        }
    }
    void on_iso_week_of_year(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard)
            return write2(tm_iso_week_of_year());
        format_localized('V', 'O');
    }
 
    void on_iso_week_based_year()
    {
        write_year(tm_iso_week_year());
    }
    void on_iso_week_based_short_year()
    {
        write2(split_year_lower(tm_iso_week_year()));
    }
 
    void on_day_of_year()
    {
        auto yday = tm_yday() + 1;
        write1(yday / 100);
        write2(yday % 100);
    }
    void on_day_of_month(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard)
            return write2(tm_mday());
        format_localized('d', 'O');
    }
    void on_day_of_month_space(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard)
        {
            auto        mday = to_unsigned(tm_mday()) % 100;
            const char* d2   = digits2(mday);
            *out_++          = mday < 10 ? ' ' : d2[0];
            *out_++          = d2[1];
        }
        else
        {
            format_localized('e', 'O');
        }
    }
 
    void on_24_hour(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard)
            return write2(tm_hour());
        format_localized('H', 'O');
    }
    void on_12_hour(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard)
            return write2(tm_hour12());
        format_localized('I', 'O');
    }
    void on_minute(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard)
            return write2(tm_min());
        format_localized('M', 'O');
    }
    void on_second(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (is_classic_ || ns == numeric_system::standard)
            return write2(tm_sec());
        format_localized('S', 'O');
    }
 
    void on_12_hour_time()
    {
        if (is_classic_)
        {
            char buf[8];
            write_digit2_separated(buf, to_unsigned(tm_hour12()),
                                   to_unsigned(tm_min()), to_unsigned(tm_sec()), ':');
            out_    = copy_str<Char>(std::begin(buf), std::end(buf), out_);
            *out_++ = ' ';
            on_am_pm();
        }
        else
        {
            format_localized('r');
        }
    }
    void on_24_hour_time()
    {
        write2(tm_hour());
        *out_++ = ':';
        write2(tm_min());
    }
    void on_iso_time()
    {
        char buf[8];
        write_digit2_separated(buf, to_unsigned(tm_hour()), to_unsigned(tm_min()),
                               to_unsigned(tm_sec()), ':');
        out_ = copy_str<Char>(std::begin(buf), std::end(buf), out_);
    }
 
    void on_am_pm()
    {
        if (is_classic_)
        {
            *out_++ = tm_hour() < 12 ? 'A' : 'P';
            *out_++ = 'M';
        }
        else
        {
            format_localized('p');
        }
    }
 
    // These apply to chrono durations but not tm.
    void on_duration_value()
    {
    }
    void on_duration_unit()
    {
    }
};
 
struct chrono_format_checker : null_chrono_spec_handler<chrono_format_checker>
{
    FMT_NORETURN void unsupported()
    {
        FMT_THROW(format_error("no date"));
    }
 
    template <typename Char>
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_text(const Char*, const Char*)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_24_hour(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_12_hour(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_minute(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_second(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_12_hour_time()
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_24_hour_time()
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_iso_time()
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_am_pm()
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_duration_value()
    {
    }
    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_duration_unit()
    {
    }
};
 
template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
inline bool isfinite(T)
{
    return true;
}
 
// Converts value to Int and checks that it's in the range [0, upper).
template <typename T, typename Int, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
inline Int to_nonnegative_int(T value, Int upper)
{
    FMT_ASSERT(std::is_unsigned<Int>::value ||
                   (value >= 0 && to_unsigned(value) <= to_unsigned(upper)),
               "invalid value");
    (void)upper;
    return static_cast<Int>(value);
}
template <typename T, typename Int, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<T>::value)>
inline Int to_nonnegative_int(T value, Int upper)
{
    if (value < 0 || value > static_cast<T>(upper))
        FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid value"));
    return static_cast<Int>(value);
}
 
template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
inline T mod(T x, int y)
{
    return x % static_cast<T>(y);
}
template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<T>::value)>
inline T mod(T x, int y)
{
    return std::fmod(x, static_cast<T>(y));
}
 
// If T is an integral type, maps T to its unsigned counterpart, otherwise
// leaves it unchanged (unlike std::make_unsigned).
template <typename T, bool INTEGRAL = std::is_integral<T>::value>
struct make_unsigned_or_unchanged
{
    using type = T;
};
 
template <typename T>
struct make_unsigned_or_unchanged<T, true>
{
    using type = typename std::make_unsigned<T>::type;
};
 
#if FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
// throwing version of safe_duration_cast
template <typename To, typename FromRep, typename FromPeriod>
To fmt_safe_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from)
{
    int ec;
    To  to = safe_duration_cast::safe_duration_cast<To>(from, ec);
    if (ec)
        FMT_THROW(format_error("cannot format duration"));
    return to;
}
#endif
 
template <typename Rep, typename Period, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<Rep>::value)>
inline std::chrono::duration<Rep, std::milli> get_milliseconds(
    std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> d)
{
    // this may overflow and/or the result may not fit in the
    // target type.
#if FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
    using CommonSecondsType =
        typename std::common_type<decltype(d), std::chrono::seconds>::type;
    const auto d_as_common = fmt_safe_duration_cast<CommonSecondsType>(d);
    const auto d_as_whole_seconds =
        fmt_safe_duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(d_as_common);
    // this conversion should be nonproblematic
    const auto diff = d_as_common - d_as_whole_seconds;
    const auto ms =
        fmt_safe_duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<Rep, std::milli>>(diff);
    return ms;
#else
    auto s = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(d);
    return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(d - s);
#endif
}
 
// Counts the number of fractional digits in the range [0, 18] according to the
// C++20 spec. If more than 18 fractional digits are required then returns 6 for
// microseconds precision.
template <long long Num, long long Den, int N = 0, bool Enabled = (N < 19) && (Num <= max_value<long long>() / 10)>
struct count_fractional_digits
{
    static constexpr int value =
        Num % Den == 0 ? N : count_fractional_digits<Num * 10, Den, N + 1>::value;
};
 
// Base case that doesn't instantiate any more templates
// in order to avoid overflow.
template <long long Num, long long Den, int N>
struct count_fractional_digits<Num, Den, N, false>
{
    static constexpr int value = (Num % Den == 0) ? N : 6;
};
 
constexpr long long pow10(std::uint32_t n)
{
    return n == 0 ? 1 : 10 * pow10(n - 1);
}
 
template <class Rep, class Period, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::numeric_limits<Rep>::is_signed)>
constexpr std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> abs(
    std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> d)
{
    // We need to compare the duration using the count() method directly
    // due to a compiler bug in clang-11 regarding the spaceship operator,
    // when -Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant is enabled.
    // In clang-12 the bug has been fixed. See
    // https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=46235 and the reproducible example:
    // https://www.godbolt.org/z/Knbb5joYx.
    return d.count() >= d.zero().count() ? d : -d;
}
 
template <class Rep, class Period, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::numeric_limits<Rep>::is_signed)>
constexpr std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> abs(
    std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> d)
{
    return d;
}
 
template <typename Char, typename Rep, typename OutputIt, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<Rep>::value)>
OutputIt format_duration_value(OutputIt out, Rep val, int)
{
    return write<Char>(out, val);
}
 
template <typename Char, typename Rep, typename OutputIt, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<Rep>::value)>
OutputIt format_duration_value(OutputIt out, Rep val, int precision)
{
    auto specs      = basic_format_specs<Char>();
    specs.precision = precision;
    specs.type      = precision >= 0 ? presentation_type::fixed_lower
                                     : presentation_type::general_lower;
    return write<Char>(out, val, specs);
}
 
template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
OutputIt copy_unit(string_view unit, OutputIt out, Char)
{
    return std::copy(unit.begin(), unit.end(), out);
}
 
template <typename OutputIt>
OutputIt copy_unit(string_view unit, OutputIt out, wchar_t)
{
    // This works when wchar_t is UTF-32 because units only contain characters
    // that have the same representation in UTF-16 and UTF-32.
    utf8_to_utf16 u(unit);
    return std::copy(u.c_str(), u.c_str() + u.size(), out);
}
 
template <typename Char, typename Period, typename OutputIt>
OutputIt format_duration_unit(OutputIt out)
{
    if (const char* unit = get_units<Period>())
        return copy_unit(string_view(unit), out, Char());
    *out++ = '[';
    out    = write<Char>(out, Period::num);
    if (const_check(Period::den != 1))
    {
        *out++ = '/';
        out    = write<Char>(out, Period::den);
    }
    *out++ = ']';
    *out++ = 's';
    return out;
}
 
class get_locale
{
private:
    union {
        std::locale locale_;
    };
    bool has_locale_ = false;
 
public:
    get_locale(bool localized, locale_ref loc)
        : has_locale_(localized)
    {
        if (localized)
            ::new (&locale_) std::locale(loc.template get<std::locale>());
    }
    ~get_locale()
    {
        if (has_locale_)
            locale_.~locale();
    }
    operator const std::locale&() const
    {
        return has_locale_ ? locale_ : get_classic_locale();
    }
};
 
template <typename FormatContext, typename OutputIt, typename Rep, typename Period>
struct chrono_formatter
{
    FormatContext& context;
    OutputIt       out;
    int            precision;
    bool           localized = false;
    // rep is unsigned to avoid overflow.
    using rep =
        conditional_t<std::is_integral<Rep>::value && sizeof(Rep) < sizeof(int),
                      unsigned,
                      typename make_unsigned_or_unchanged<Rep>::type>;
    rep val;
    using seconds = std::chrono::duration<rep>;
    seconds s;
    using milliseconds = std::chrono::duration<rep, std::milli>;
    bool negative;
 
    using char_type      = typename FormatContext::char_type;
    using tm_writer_type = tm_writer<OutputIt, char_type>;
 
    chrono_formatter(FormatContext& ctx, OutputIt o, std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> d)
        : context(ctx),
          out(o),
          val(static_cast<rep>(d.count())),
          negative(false)
    {
        if (d.count() < 0)
        {
            val      = 0 - val;
            negative = true;
        }
 
        // this may overflow and/or the result may not fit in the
        // target type.
#if FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
        // might need checked conversion (rep!=Rep)
        auto tmpval = std::chrono::duration<rep, Period>(val);
        s           = fmt_safe_duration_cast<seconds>(tmpval);
#else
        s = std::chrono::duration_cast<seconds>(
            std::chrono::duration<rep, Period>(val));
#endif
    }
 
    // returns true if nan or inf, writes to out.
    bool handle_nan_inf()
    {
        if (isfinite(val))
        {
            return false;
        }
        if (isnan(val))
        {
            write_nan();
            return true;
        }
        // must be +-inf
        if (val > 0)
        {
            write_pinf();
        }
        else
        {
            write_ninf();
        }
        return true;
    }
 
    Rep hour() const
    {
        return static_cast<Rep>(mod((s.count() / 3600), 24));
    }
 
    Rep hour12() const
    {
        Rep hour = static_cast<Rep>(mod((s.count() / 3600), 12));
        return hour <= 0 ? 12 : hour;
    }
 
    Rep minute() const
    {
        return static_cast<Rep>(mod((s.count() / 60), 60));
    }
    Rep second() const
    {
        return static_cast<Rep>(mod(s.count(), 60));
    }
 
    std::tm time() const
    {
        auto time    = std::tm();
        time.tm_hour = to_nonnegative_int(hour(), 24);
        time.tm_min  = to_nonnegative_int(minute(), 60);
        time.tm_sec  = to_nonnegative_int(second(), 60);
        return time;
    }
 
    void write_sign()
    {
        if (negative)
        {
            *out++   = '-';
            negative = false;
        }
    }
 
    void write(Rep value, int width)
    {
        write_sign();
        if (isnan(value))
            return write_nan();
        uint32_or_64_or_128_t<int> n =
            to_unsigned(to_nonnegative_int(value, max_value<int>()));
        int num_digits = detail::count_digits(n);
        if (width > num_digits)
            out = std::fill_n(out, width - num_digits, '0');
        out = format_decimal<char_type>(out, n, num_digits).end;
    }
 
    template <typename Duration>
    void write_fractional_seconds(Duration d)
    {
        FMT_ASSERT(!std::is_floating_point<typename Duration::rep>::value, "");
        constexpr auto num_fractional_digits =
            count_fractional_digits<Duration::period::num,
                                    Duration::period::den>::value;
 
        using subsecond_precision = std::chrono::duration<
            typename std::common_type<typename Duration::rep,
                                      std::chrono::seconds::rep>::type,
            std::ratio<1, detail::pow10(num_fractional_digits)>>;
        if (std::ratio_less<typename subsecond_precision::period,
                            std::chrono::seconds::period>::value)
        {
            *out++ = '.';
            auto fractional =
                detail::abs(d) - std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(d);
            auto subseconds =
                std::chrono::treat_as_floating_point<
                    typename subsecond_precision::rep>::value
                    ? fractional.count()
                    : std::chrono::duration_cast<subsecond_precision>(fractional)
                          .count();
            uint32_or_64_or_128_t<long long> n =
                to_unsigned(to_nonnegative_int(subseconds, max_value<long long>()));
            int num_digits = detail::count_digits(n);
            if (num_fractional_digits > num_digits)
                out = std::fill_n(out, num_fractional_digits - num_digits, '0');
            out = format_decimal<char_type>(out, n, num_digits).end;
        }
    }
 
    void write_nan()
    {
        std::copy_n("nan", 3, out);
    }
    void write_pinf()
    {
        std::copy_n("inf", 3, out);
    }
    void write_ninf()
    {
        std::copy_n("-inf", 4, out);
    }
 
    template <typename Callback, typename... Args>
    void format_tm(const tm& time, Callback cb, Args... args)
    {
        if (isnan(val))
            return write_nan();
        get_locale loc(localized, context.locale());
        auto       w = tm_writer_type(loc, out, time);
        (w.*cb)(args...);
        out = w.out();
    }
 
    void on_text(const char_type* begin, const char_type* end)
    {
        std::copy(begin, end, out);
    }
 
    // These are not implemented because durations don't have date information.
    void on_abbr_weekday()
    {
    }
    void on_full_weekday()
    {
    }
    void on_dec0_weekday(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    void on_dec1_weekday(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    void on_abbr_month()
    {
    }
    void on_full_month()
    {
    }
    void on_datetime(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    void on_loc_date(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    void on_loc_time(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    void on_us_date()
    {
    }
    void on_iso_date()
    {
    }
    void on_utc_offset()
    {
    }
    void on_tz_name()
    {
    }
    void on_year(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    void on_short_year(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    void on_offset_year()
    {
    }
    void on_century(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    void on_iso_week_based_year()
    {
    }
    void on_iso_week_based_short_year()
    {
    }
    void on_dec_month(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    void on_dec0_week_of_year(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    void on_dec1_week_of_year(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    void on_iso_week_of_year(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    void on_day_of_year()
    {
    }
    void on_day_of_month(numeric_system)
    {
    }
    void on_day_of_month_space(numeric_system)
    {
    }
 
    void on_24_hour(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (handle_nan_inf())
            return;
 
        if (ns == numeric_system::standard)
            return write(hour(), 2);
        auto time    = tm();
        time.tm_hour = to_nonnegative_int(hour(), 24);
        format_tm(time, &tm_writer_type::on_24_hour, ns);
    }
 
    void on_12_hour(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (handle_nan_inf())
            return;
 
        if (ns == numeric_system::standard)
            return write(hour12(), 2);
        auto time    = tm();
        time.tm_hour = to_nonnegative_int(hour12(), 12);
        format_tm(time, &tm_writer_type::on_12_hour, ns);
    }
 
    void on_minute(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (handle_nan_inf())
            return;
 
        if (ns == numeric_system::standard)
            return write(minute(), 2);
        auto time   = tm();
        time.tm_min = to_nonnegative_int(minute(), 60);
        format_tm(time, &tm_writer_type::on_minute, ns);
    }
 
    void on_second(numeric_system ns)
    {
        if (handle_nan_inf())
            return;
 
        if (ns == numeric_system::standard)
        {
            if (std::is_floating_point<rep>::value)
            {
                constexpr auto num_fractional_digits =
                    count_fractional_digits<Period::num, Period::den>::value;
                auto buf = memory_buffer();
                format_to(std::back_inserter(buf), runtime("{:.{}f}"),
                          std::fmod(val * static_cast<rep>(Period::num) /
                                        static_cast<rep>(Period::den),
                                    static_cast<rep>(60)),
                          num_fractional_digits);
                if (negative)
                    *out++ = '-';
                if (buf.size() < 2 || buf[1] == '.')
                    *out++ = '0';
                out = std::copy(buf.begin(), buf.end(), out);
            }
            else
            {
                write(second(), 2);
                write_fractional_seconds(std::chrono::duration<rep, Period>(val));
            }
            return;
        }
        auto time   = tm();
        time.tm_sec = to_nonnegative_int(second(), 60);
        format_tm(time, &tm_writer_type::on_second, ns);
    }
 
    void on_12_hour_time()
    {
        if (handle_nan_inf())
            return;
        format_tm(time(), &tm_writer_type::on_12_hour_time);
    }
 
    void on_24_hour_time()
    {
        if (handle_nan_inf())
        {
            *out++ = ':';
            handle_nan_inf();
            return;
        }
 
        write(hour(), 2);
        *out++ = ':';
        write(minute(), 2);
    }
 
    void on_iso_time()
    {
        on_24_hour_time();
        *out++ = ':';
        if (handle_nan_inf())
            return;
        on_second(numeric_system::standard);
    }
 
    void on_am_pm()
    {
        if (handle_nan_inf())
            return;
        format_tm(time(), &tm_writer_type::on_am_pm);
    }
 
    void on_duration_value()
    {
        if (handle_nan_inf())
            return;
        write_sign();
        out = format_duration_value<char_type>(out, val, precision);
    }
 
    void on_duration_unit()
    {
        out = format_duration_unit<char_type, Period>(out);
    }
};
 
FMT_END_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
 
#if defined(__cpp_lib_chrono) && __cpp_lib_chrono >= 201907
using weekday = std::chrono::weekday;
#else
// A fallback version of weekday.
class weekday
{
private:
    unsigned char value;
 
public:
    weekday() = default;
    explicit constexpr weekday(unsigned wd) noexcept
        : value(static_cast<unsigned char>(wd != 7 ? wd : 0))
    {
    }
    constexpr unsigned c_encoding() const noexcept
    {
        return value;
    }
};
 
class year_month_day
{
};
#endif
 
// A rudimentary weekday formatter.
template <typename Char>
struct formatter<weekday, Char>
{
private:
    bool localized = false;
 
public:
    FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
        -> decltype(ctx.begin())
    {
        auto begin = ctx.begin(), end = ctx.end();
        if (begin != end && *begin == 'L')
        {
            ++begin;
            localized = true;
        }
        return begin;
    }
 
    template <typename FormatContext>
    auto format(weekday wd, FormatContext& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out())
    {
        auto time    = std::tm();
        time.tm_wday = static_cast<int>(wd.c_encoding());
        detail::get_locale loc(localized, ctx.locale());
        auto               w = detail::tm_writer<decltype(ctx.out()), Char>(loc, ctx.out(), time);
        w.on_abbr_weekday();
        return w.out();
    }
};
 
template <typename Rep, typename Period, typename Char>
struct formatter<std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>, Char>
{
private:
    basic_format_specs<Char> specs;
    int                      precision = -1;
    using arg_ref_type                 = detail::arg_ref<Char>;
    arg_ref_type            width_ref;
    arg_ref_type            precision_ref;
    bool                    localized = false;
    basic_string_view<Char> format_str;
    using duration = std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>;
 
    struct spec_handler
    {
        formatter&                        f;
        basic_format_parse_context<Char>& context;
        basic_string_view<Char>           format_str;
 
        template <typename Id>
        FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref_type make_arg_ref(Id arg_id)
        {
            context.check_arg_id(arg_id);
            return arg_ref_type(arg_id);
        }
 
        FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref_type make_arg_ref(basic_string_view<Char> arg_id)
        {
            context.check_arg_id(arg_id);
            return arg_ref_type(arg_id);
        }
 
        FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref_type make_arg_ref(detail::auto_id)
        {
            return arg_ref_type(context.next_arg_id());
        }
 
        void on_error(const char* msg)
        {
            FMT_THROW(format_error(msg));
        }
        FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_fill(basic_string_view<Char> fill)
        {
            f.specs.fill = fill;
        }
        FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_align(align_t align)
        {
            f.specs.align = align;
        }
        FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_width(int width)
        {
            f.specs.width = width;
        }
        FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_precision(int _precision)
        {
            f.precision = _precision;
        }
        FMT_CONSTEXPR void end_precision()
        {
        }
 
        template <typename Id>
        FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dynamic_width(Id arg_id)
        {
            f.width_ref = make_arg_ref(arg_id);
        }
 
        template <typename Id>
        FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dynamic_precision(Id arg_id)
        {
            f.precision_ref = make_arg_ref(arg_id);
        }
    };
 
    using iterator = typename basic_format_parse_context<Char>::iterator;
    struct parse_range
    {
        iterator begin;
        iterator end;
    };
 
    FMT_CONSTEXPR parse_range do_parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
    {
        auto begin = ctx.begin(), end = ctx.end();
        if (begin == end || *begin == '}')
            return {begin, begin};
        spec_handler handler{*this, ctx, format_str};
        begin = detail::parse_align(begin, end, handler);
        if (begin == end)
            return {begin, begin};
        begin = detail::parse_width(begin, end, handler);
        if (begin == end)
            return {begin, begin};
        if (*begin == '.')
        {
            if (std::is_floating_point<Rep>::value)
                begin = detail::parse_precision(begin, end, handler);
            else
                handler.on_error("precision not allowed for this argument type");
        }
        if (begin != end && *begin == 'L')
        {
            ++begin;
            localized = true;
        }
        end = detail::parse_chrono_format(begin, end,
                                          detail::chrono_format_checker());
        return {begin, end};
    }
 
public:
    FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
        -> decltype(ctx.begin())
    {
        auto range = do_parse(ctx);
        format_str = basic_string_view<Char>(
            &*range.begin, detail::to_unsigned(range.end - range.begin));
        return range.end;
    }
 
    template <typename FormatContext>
    auto format(const duration& d, FormatContext& ctx) const
        -> decltype(ctx.out())
    {
        auto specs_copy     = specs;
        auto precision_copy = precision;
        auto begin = format_str.begin(), end = format_str.end();
        // As a possible future optimization, we could avoid extra copying if width
        // is not specified.
        basic_memory_buffer<Char> buf;
        auto                      out = std::back_inserter(buf);
        detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::width_checker>(specs_copy.width,
                                                           width_ref, ctx);
        detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::precision_checker>(precision_copy,
                                                               precision_ref, ctx);
        if (begin == end || *begin == '}')
        {
            out = detail::format_duration_value<Char>(out, d.count(), precision_copy);
            detail::format_duration_unit<Char, Period>(out);
        }
        else
        {
            detail::chrono_formatter<FormatContext, decltype(out), Rep, Period> f(
                ctx, out, d);
            f.precision = precision_copy;
            f.localized = localized;
            detail::parse_chrono_format(begin, end, f);
        }
        return detail::write(
            ctx.out(), basic_string_view<Char>(buf.data(), buf.size()), specs_copy);
    }
};
 
template <typename Char, typename Duration>
struct formatter<std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration>,
                 Char> : formatter<std::tm, Char>
{
    FMT_CONSTEXPR formatter()
    {
        basic_string_view<Char> default_specs =
            detail::string_literal<Char, '%', 'F', ' ', '%', 'T'>{};
        this->do_parse(default_specs.begin(), default_specs.end());
    }
 
    template <typename FormatContext>
    auto format(std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock> val,
                FormatContext&                                     ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out())
    {
        return formatter<std::tm, Char>::format(localtime(val), ctx);
    }
};
 
template <typename Char>
struct formatter<std::tm, Char>
{
private:
    enum class spec
    {
        unknown,
        year_month_day,
        hh_mm_ss,
    };
    spec                    spec_ = spec::unknown;
    basic_string_view<Char> specs;
 
protected:
    template <typename It>
    FMT_CONSTEXPR auto do_parse(It begin, It end) -> It
    {
        if (begin != end && *begin == ':')
            ++begin;
        end = detail::parse_chrono_format(begin, end, detail::tm_format_checker());
        // Replace default spec only if the new spec is not empty.
        if (end != begin)
            specs = {begin, detail::to_unsigned(end - begin)};
        return end;
    }
 
public:
    FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
        -> decltype(ctx.begin())
    {
        auto end = this->do_parse(ctx.begin(), ctx.end());
        // basic_string_view<>::compare isn't constexpr before C++17.
        if (specs.size() == 2 && specs[0] == Char('%'))
        {
            if (specs[1] == Char('F'))
                spec_ = spec::year_month_day;
            else if (specs[1] == Char('T'))
                spec_ = spec::hh_mm_ss;
        }
        return end;
    }
 
    template <typename FormatContext>
    auto format(const std::tm& tm, FormatContext& ctx) const
        -> decltype(ctx.out())
    {
        const auto         loc_ref = ctx.locale();
        detail::get_locale loc(static_cast<bool>(loc_ref), loc_ref);
        auto               w = detail::tm_writer<decltype(ctx.out()), Char>(loc, ctx.out(), tm);
        if (spec_ == spec::year_month_day)
            w.on_iso_date();
        else if (spec_ == spec::hh_mm_ss)
            w.on_iso_time();
        else
            detail::parse_chrono_format(specs.begin(), specs.end(), w);
        return w.out();
    }
};
 
FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_END
FMT_END_NAMESPACE
 
#endif // FMT_CHRONO_H_